Background: The process of bone healing comprises mechanical, cellular, and molecular cues. The contact-dependent, membrane-bound Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are implicated in numerous processes required during skeletal development, homeostasis, and bone healing. However, the function of ephrinB1 in fracture repair is unknown.
Aim: To identify the cellular and molecular involvement of ephrinB1 during fracture repair.
Methods: An internal fixation femoral fracture model in conditional male mice lacking ephrinB1 (EfnB1) in the osteo/chondrogenic lineage (EfnB1OBfl/O), driven by the Osterix (Osx) promoter and their Osx:Cre controls was utilised. Micro computed tomography (mCT) and histomorphometric analyses were used to analyse bone parameters, while osteogenic cells were isolated from femora 2 weeks post-fracture (PF) to determine mineral forming potential in vitro. To evaluate ephrinB1 downstream signalling, human bone marrow stem/ stromal cells (hBMSC) were cultured with soluble EphB2-Fc or control IgG-Fc. The phosphorylation status of downstream signalling target TAZ was determined by immunoprecipitation and Western Blot.
Results: In C57Bl/6 wild-type mice ephrinB1 gene expression was elevated 1 week (haematoma) and 2-weeks (soft callus formation/ remodelling) PF. A significant decrease in bone volume/ tissue volume within the fracture callus 2 weeks PF was observed in EfnB1OBfl/O mice. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed a significant increase in chondrogenic tissue and decrease in calcein labelled bone in EfnB1OBfl/O compared to Osx:Cre mice. Mineral synthesis and osteogenic transcription factor Osterix gene expression were significantly reduced in EfnB1OBfl/O cultured BMSC compared to Osx:Cre controls. This study also confirmed a molecular mechanism of TAZ de-phosphorylation in response to ephrinB1 activation in hBMSC, which was consistent with ephrinB1 signalling in mouse stromal cells.
Conclusion: The present study identified that ephrinB1 expressed by the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages is important for correct soft callus formation and remodelling during the fracture repair process.